The Symbolism of the Qur’anic Language in Ismaili Esoteric Thought

**This study examines the esoteric Ismaili approach to Qur’anic exegesis, outlining their theory of the symbolic nature of Qur’anic language. Following a descriptive–analytical method, the research highlights key Ismaili doctrines and the foundations upon which their hermeneutical system is built. Their symbolic reading rests on the assumption of a universal duality between the outward (ẓāhir) and the inward (bāṭin), a duality which they extend to the Sharīʿa and the Qur’an. The outward meaning is viewed as a sign pointing to an inward reality, while the bāṭin represents the true intent—or at least a higher meaning that stands above the outward sense and is considered superior. According to their view, God chose symbolic expression to preserve His intended meanings from those deemed unworthy of them. On this basis, Ismaili thinkers reinterpret numerous Qur’anic terms as references to religious figures, doctrinal concepts, or ontological hierarchies consistent with their theological outlook.

A critical evaluation of this symbolic–esoteric method reveals serious issues on three levels: the theoretical assumptions that underlie it; the methodology used to extract inward meanings, which relies heavily on personal reasoning and intuition; and its application in support of particular doctrinal claims through interpretive methods not accepted in mainstream Qur’anic exegesis. Such an approach ultimately leads to weakening—or even nullifying—the Qur’an’s outward meaning.**

Keywords: Qur’anic language, symbolism, Ismailism, inner Qur’anic meaning, taʾwīl, Qur’anic exegesis.